Hugo Blumenfeld/Bloomfield and Minna Cecile Hagerdon

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Hugo (left, 19531), Abraham and Sophie Blumenfeld/Bloomfield’s middle child, born on November 7, 1905,2 left Germany for the USA in December 1923.3 The bond for his visa and his ship’s passage were paid for by his uncle and my great-uncle Joseph “Joe” Bloomfield from New York. The Lexington Leader reported in the same month that Hugo Bloomfield from Momberg, Germany, had arrived to make his new home with his uncle and aunt, Mr. and Mrs. Sol. Bloomfield of Winchester, Kentucky.4

The Lexington Herald reported in November 1926 that Hugo was then living in Cincinnati, Ohio.5 On his application for a marriage license in 1928 Hugo gave his address as 707 Greenwood Avenue in Cincinnati.6

Mrs. Yetta S. Hagerdon, 643 Maxwelton Court, Lexington, Kentucky, announced the engagement of her daughter, Minna Cecile (photo7), to Hugo Bloomfield in March 1928. The newspaper article referred to the groom as the adopted son of his uncle Sol Bloomfield.8

On September 5, 1928, Hugo Bloomfield and Minna Hagerdon were united in marriage in Cincinnati, Ohio, by Rabbi Israel Bettan.9 Minna, who was living at the time at 638 Forest Avenue in Hamilton County, Ohio, was not yet 18 years old by the cut-off date for the marriage application, and her mother had to give her written permission for the marriage.10 Their only child, Alan Fred, was born on June 2, 1934, in Lexington, Kentucky.11

Hugo applied for naturalization on March 7, 1935. His application was approved shortly after that on June 11, 1935.12

Between 1927 and 1949 Hugo held managerial positions in the “Fair Store” and “Ben Snyder” department stores.13 After the Miller Wohl Company of New York opened a branch of their “Three Sisters” store in Lexington on April 2, 1949,14 Hugo worked for, at the most, three years as branch manager there.15 In May 1952, he acquired an active interest in “Hammel’s” at 273 West Main Street in Lexington and took over managerial duties.16

In 1932, as a committee member of the Commerce Board Hugo was involved in the businessmen’s opposition to the introduction of a 1% sales tax in Kentucky. The committee appealed to other chambers of commerce and businesspersons to take part in the planned mass demonstration in the capital at Frankfort.17

Minna and Hugo opened their own store for women’s ready-to-wear on the second floor of “Thorpe’s Clothing Company” on September 28, 1953. Shortly thereafter, they incorporated their business as “Bloomfield’s Inc.” Following differences with the owner of “Thorpe’s,” Hugo and Minna moved out18 and opened the doors to their own shop with a sales area of 1,800 square feet at 236 Main Street on May 27, 1954.19 They specialized in women’s sportswear, bathing suits, suits, dresses, and lingerie. At that time, they had just one salesperson. Around 1955 son Alan also began working in the business.20 Hugo and Minna renovated and enlarged their store in September 1960.21 A third improvement was undertaken by the Bloomfields in August 1966. “The addition adds 50 percent more selling area to the store,” making it three times the size of the first store. In the sports wear department they installed a new bar where Pepsi-Cola was served.22

I had read about the store in Lexington before I knew anything about Hugo Bloomfield. In her remembrances Gisela Spier-Cohen, daughter of Siegfried Spier and my third cousin Sitta Blumenfeld, recalled seeing Hugo and Minna’s store for the first time. Gisela was the only member of her immediate family to survive the Holocaust. She was first taken to Theresienstadt, then Auschwitz. From there she was taken to the concentration camp in Flossenbürg. There the prisoners worked as slave labor building fighter planes and other military equipment. As the Allies neared Flossenbürg, the Nazis transferred the prisoners to the notoriuos Mauthausen camp. Here she was liberated on May 5, 1945.23 Gisela was happy for everyone who had survived the Nazi era and could now build a safe existence. She wrote: Hugo “drove us to the business district in Lexington and stopped in front of a large store with a sign that said ‘Bloomfields.’ It was a department store. I felt happy to see that my closest neighbors from Momberg were now the owners of a large store called Bloomfield.”24

 “After some 15 years as a women’s specialty store, Bloomfield’s last December [1968] added a new department called Bride’s World [wedding dresses and accessories]. The new department proved so successful that Bloomfield’s now is solely a bridal shop.”25 The promising start was misleading, however, and Bloomfield’s Bride’s World petitioned for bankruptcy in October 1972.26

Reports in the newspapers The Lexington Herald and The Lexington Leader give insight into Hugo’s involvement with various service organizations in the 1940s. During the first year of the war in 1943, Hugo and Minna served as chaperons and hosts at USO (United Service Organizations) events for men and women in the military.27 As a service club member Hugo was active as an organizer of numerous programs28 and as a board member of the Lexington Exchange Club.29 He was also a board member of the service club Lexington Public Forum.30 The Lexington Leader reported in 1949 about his work as a committee member of the Chamber of Commerce.31 After 1949 Hugo’s name does not appear in any newspaper article in connection with local service clubs.

Hugo’s name appears often in connection with the Adath Israel Temple. There he served on the committee for ushers for the dedication of the new building in 1928.32 At the annual meeting in 1935 Hugo was elected to the board of the Jewish congregation on Adath Israel on Ashland Avenue.33 An account of the congregational meeting in 1948 indicates that Hugo was active in a leadership position.34 In 1950 the Jewish service club B’nai B’rith elected him as financial secretary.35 Hugo’s involvement with the Temple was also reflected upon his death on February 23, 1986. In his obituary gifts to the building fund of the Adath Israel Temple are requested.36

Hugo Bloomfield’s gravestone in the Lexington KY cemetery. Photo: Find a Grave.

“Aunt Minna was VERY dramatic,” is how my cousin Simone Salomon described Minna Hagerdon Bloomfield. “I remember her as an actress.”37 The photo shows Minna on stage in “The Circle” in 1933.38

A search for “Mrs. Hugo Bloomfield” on the website of the newspaper archive http://www.genealogybank..com39 results in 728 hits, i.e. articles. Looking for “Minna Bloomfield” returns 123 hits. Under “Minna Hagerdon” 22 articles turned up. Hugo’s name was mentioned in “only” 200 to 300 articles. Minna’s obituary40 explains her extensive presence in the press:

“Minna H. Bloomfield, a former women’s clothing shop operator who spent her retirement years doing volunteer work and participating in theater arts, died yesterday [April 10, 1987] after an illness of several months. She was 77.

“Mrs. Bloomfield, a resident of Mayfair village, was a partner in Bloomfield’s Inc on Main Street in Lexington from the early 1950s to the early 1970s. She ran the business with her husband Hugo Bloomfield, who died last year [1986].

“After her retirement, Mrs. Bloomfield worked as a volunteer for Hospice of the Bluegrass and Possibilities Unlimited.

“She was involved in theater arts of many years and maintained that interest after she retired. She participated in productions at the University of Kentucky’s Guignol Theatre for decades. In later years, she was a UK [University of Kentucky] Donovan scholar41 and participated in the Donovan drama class, working on Sunday radio shows broadcast on WBKY. As a younger woman, she did local radio spot announcements for Ford Motor Co. and once had her own radio show, ’Women’s World.’ She was a founder of the Deaf Oral School”

Minna Hagerdon Bloomfield was a member of the executive board42 and president43 of the National Federation of Temple Sisterhoods and vice president of its committee for “Jewish Literature for the Blind.”44 She was also district president of the Kentucky-Tennessee Federation of Temple Sisterhoods,45 president46 and longtime member of the Sisterhood and board member47 of the Adath Israel Synagogue, as well as being active in the Council of Jewish Women.48

Newspaper articles from the 1920s to the 1950s provide information about the further activities of this VERY active woman. Minna Bloomfield often took part in fund-raising campaigns for organizations like “American War Mothers,”49 “Red Cross,”50 “Community Chest,”51 or “Christmas Seals.”52 She was a director of the Public Health Center,53 board member of the Lexington-Fayette County Mental Hygiene Unit,54 president55 and financial secretary56 in auxiliaries in the area of mental health and organizer of health camps for children.57

Minna Bloomfield (left 195758) was president of the Zionist women’s organization “Hadassah” in Lexington and vice president of its regional unit.59 She participated as representative of the U.S.O. in a conference in New York which dealt with the opinion of Jews in the USA regarding the reconstruction of Jewish life and the role of Palestine after the war.60 During the 1940s her name is mentioned in connection with the Democratic Party.61 In her remaining time, she organized sketches and moderated fashion shows for clubs and organizations in which she was active.62

Minna Hagerdon’s gravestone in the Lexington KY cemetery. Photo: Find a Grave.
  1. [Anonymous], Thorpe’s Will Have Women’s Department, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 23 September 1953, p, 2. ↩︎
  2. Kentucky, Naturalization Records, 1906-1991, in: Ancestry.com. ↩︎
  3. New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957, Year: 1923; Arrival: New York, New York; Microfilm Serial: T715, 1897-1957; Microfilm Roll: Roll 3425; Line: 30; Page Number: 47, in: Ancestry.com. ↩︎
  4. John S. Vance, LEXINGTON NEWS NOTES. WINCHESTER, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 15 December 1923, p. 18. ↩︎
  5. [Anonymous], WINCHESTER, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 21 November 1926, p. 9. ↩︎
  6. Ohio, County Marriages, 1774-1993, in: Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/61378/TH-1-18869-33942-93/3497310?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/114262713/person/110134776286/facts/citation/520354403941/edit/record [13 Januaryy 2018]. ↩︎
  7. [Anonymous], SOCIETY TO GIVE ANNUAL BENEFIT. Health Center Card Party To Be At Lafayette Monday, Foto: Deacon Studios, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 21 April 1935, p, 18. ↩︎
  8. Lucien Beckner, WINCHESTER. Hagerdon-Bloomfield, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 18 March 1928, p. 13. ↩︎
  9. [Anonymous], SOCIETY TO GIVE ANNUAL BENEFIT. Health Center Card Party To Be At Lafayette Monday, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 21 April 1935, p, 18. ↩︎
  10. Ohio, County Marriages, 1774-1993, in: Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/61378/TH-1-18869-33942-93/3497310?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/114262713/person/110134776286/facts/citation/520354403941/edit/record [13 January 2018]. ↩︎
  11. [Anonymous], SOCIAL and PERSONAL. Alan Fred Bloomfield, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 3 June 1934, pp. 11-18, here p. 14. ↩︎
  12. Petition for Naturalization, Hugo Bloomfield, The National Archives at Atlanta; Atlanta, Georgia; Petitions for Naturalization, compiled 1922 – 1930; NAI: 5637782; Record Group Title: Records of District Courts of the United States; Record Group Number: 21, in: Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/2501/40334_920600176_0701-00268/34345?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/114262713/person/110134776286/facts/citation/520354405116/edit/record#?imageId=40334_920600176_0701-00269 [09.08.2018]. ↩︎
  13. U.S. City Directories, 1822.1995, Lexington, Kentucky, 1927, in: Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/2469/dvm_lochist010484-00054_0/1411198522?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/114262713/person/110134776286/facts/citation/520363889813/edit/record [09.08.2018].
    U.S. City Directories, 1822.1995, Lexington, Kentucky, 1928, in: Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/2469/14718006/924937969?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/114262713/person/110134776286/facts/citation/520363889562/edit/record [09.08.2018].
    U.S. City Directories, 1822.1995, Lexington, Kentucky, 1931, in: Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/2469/14103102/870654930?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/114262713/person/110134776286/facts/citation/520363885027/edit/record [09.08.2018].
    U.S. City Directories, 1822.1995, Lexington, Kentucky, 1932, in: Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/2469/2021890/100918638?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/114262713/person/110134776286/facts/citation/520363889878/edit/record [09.08.2018].
    U.S. City Directories, 1822.1995, Lexington, Kentucky, 1933, in: Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/2469/2021890/100918638?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/114262713/person/110134776286/facts/citation/520363889878/edit/record [09.08.2018].
    U.S. City Directories, 1822.1995, Lexington, Kentucky, 1935, in: Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/2469/2022703/101002944?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/114262713/person/110134776286/facts/citation/520363876403/edit/record [09.08.2018].
    U.S. City Directories, 1822.1995, Lexington, Kentucky, 1940, in: Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/2469/13558082/822325045?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/114262713/person/110134776286/facts/citation/520363889730/edit/record [09.08.2018].
    U.S. City Directories, 1822.1995, Lexington, Kentucky, 1942, in: Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/2469/15006076/951058866?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/114262713/person/110134776286/facts/citation/520363889597/edit/record [09.08.2018].
    U.S. City Directories, 1822.1995, Lexington, Kentucky, 1943, in: Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/2469/15380827/984719178?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/114262713/person/110134776286/facts/citation/520354405257/edit/record [09.08.2018].
    U.S. City Directories, 1822.1995, Lexington, Kentucky, 1945, in: Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/2469/14598385/913943784?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/114262713/person/110134776286/facts/citation/520363876554/edit/record [09.08.2018].
    U.S. City Directories, 1822.1995, Lexington, Kentucky, 1947, in: Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/2469/12973040/767843364?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/114262713/person/110134776286/facts/citation/520363876623/edit/record [09.08.2018]. ↩︎
  14. [Anonymous], Three Sister Fashion Store Will Open Here On Saturday, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 1 April 1949, p. 26. ↩︎
  15. U.S. City Directories, 1822.1995, City Directory, Lexington, Kentucky, 1950, in: Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/2469/13405084/808585604?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/114262713/person/110134776286/facts/citation/520385120229/edit/record [09.08.2018]. ↩︎
  16. [Anonymous], Bloomfield Acquires Interest In Hammel’s, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 9 May 1950, p. 20.
    [Anonymous], Bloomfield Named Partner, Manager Of Hammel Store, in. The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 8 May 1950, p. 9. ↩︎
  17. [Anonymous], Mass Demonstration in Frankfort Against Proposed 1 Per Cent Sales Tax Planned by Commerce Borads, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 1 March 1932, p. 1. ↩︎
  18. [Anonymous], $1,200 Suit Is Filed Against Thorpe’s, Inc., in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 1 September 1954, p. 14. ↩︎
  19. [Anonymous], Bloomfields’ Store Opening Set Thursday, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 26 May 1954, p. 17. ↩︎
  20. Sue Napier, Bloomfield’s Addition Increases Store Size By 50 Per Cent, in: Sunday Herald-Leader, Lexington KY, 21 August 1966, p. 54. ↩︎
  21. [Advertisement], REMODELING SALE Still in Progress!, in: Sunday Herald-Leader», Lexington KY, 18 September 1960, p. 46. ↩︎
  22. Sue Napier, Bloomfield’s Addition Increases Store Size By 50 Per Cent, in: Sunday Herald-Leader, Lexington KY, 21 August 1966, p. 54. ↩︎
  23. Amy Cohen, Sitta Blumenfeld Spier and Her Daughter Gisela—A Story of Survival and Hope in the Midst of Despair and Death, in: Brotmanblog.com. ↩︎
  24. Gisela Spier-Cohen, Aus den Erinnerungen an Kindheit und Konzentrationslager, Marburg 1994, p. 11. ↩︎
  25. [Anonymous], Former Specialty Shop. Bloomfield’s Becomes Solely Bridal Salon, in: Sunday Herald-Leader, Lexington, Kentucky, 20 July 1969, p. 56. ↩︎
  26. [Anonymous], Bankruptcy Petition, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 3 October 1972, p. 11. ↩︎
  27. [Anonymous], Social and Personal. B. S. C.-U. S. O. Dance, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 17 June 1943, p. 11.
    [Anonymous], Reception To Be Held Today At New Lexington U. S. O. Club, in: Sunday Herald-Leader, Lexington KY, 4 July 1943, pp. 17, here p. 17.
    [Anonymous], U. S. O. Dances, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 5 August 1943, p. 11.
    [Anonymous], Dance Chaperons, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 7 October 1943, p. 11. ↩︎
  28. [Anonymous], Rabbi Lewis Speaks At Exchange Meeting, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 3 September 1946, p. 2. ↩︎
  29. [Anonymous], Lexington Public Forum Announces Full Program, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 12 October 1947, p. 24.
    [Anonymous], Campaign Speeches Are Heard By Club, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 8 December 1948, p. 20. ↩︎
  30. [Anonymous], Public Forum Board To Give Buffet Supper, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 4 May 1948, p. 11.
    [Anonymous], Forum Tickets On Sale Today, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 8 October 1948, p. 23. ↩︎
  31. Leader Photo Legende, ENJOYABLE PLANNING, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 16 July 1949, p. 7. ↩︎
  32. [Anonymous], Everlasting Light, Symbol of Sacrifice, Will Be Kindled in New Temple Toda<; Rabbi Points Out function of Altars, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 18 April 1926, pp. 13 and 21, here p. 21. ↩︎
  33. [Anonymous], TEMPLE NAMES NEW OFFICERS. Ashland Avenue Congregation Re-Elects Milton Grafman Rabbi; Bloom Is Chosen President. COMMITTEES APPOINTED, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 11 February 1935, pp. 1 and 5, here p. 5. ↩︎
  34. [Anonymous], Annual Temple Session Held, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 9 February 1948, p. 10. ↩︎
  35. [Anonymous], B’nai B’rith Plans To Install Officers, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 28 May 1950, P. 6. ↩︎
  36. [Obituary], Hugo M. Bloomfield, 80, in: The Lexington Herald-Leader, Lexington KY, 24 February 1986. ↩︎
  37. Simone Bloomfield Salomon to Richard J. Bloomfield (email), 28 January 2018. ↩︎
  38. Minna Bloomfield and Donald Pratt performing in «The Circle», Louis Edward Nollau, Photo, 1933, Louis Edward Nollau Nitrate Photographic Print Collection, University of Kentucky, http://exploreuk.uky.edu/catalog/xt7prr1pgv6h_165_2 [19. 01.2018]. ↩︎
  39. Search in www.genealogybank.com on 25. January 2018. ↩︎
  40. [Obituary], Ex-Clothing Store Operator Minna H. Bloomfield Dies, in: The Lexington Herald-Leader», Lexington, Kentucky, 11 April 1987. ↩︎
  41. Donovan-Stipendien make it possible for persons over 65 to study at the University of Kentucky (https://kysu.edu/academics/office-of-educational-support/office-of-non-traditional-student-education/donovan-scholar/. Viewed 26 June 2018). ↩︎
  42. [Anonymous], Siegal Award Winner Is Mrs. Mendelsohn, in:Morning Advocate, Baton Rouge LA, 11 May 1957, p. 17. ↩︎
  43. [Anonymous], Regional Conventions Of Men’s And Women’s Hebrew Organizations Enter Final Sessions, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 19 November 1951, p. 8. ↩︎
  44. [Anonymous], Board Member Plans to Visit Local Sisterhood, in: Morning Advocate, Baton Rouge LA, 1 May 1957, p. 16. ↩︎
  45. Ibid. ↩︎
  46. [Anonymous], SISTERHOOD OF TEMPLE MEETS. Dr. Isaac Rabinowitz of Cincinnnati Speaks at Annual Meeting of Ashland Avenue Temple Group. MRS. BLOOMFIELD PRESIDES, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 20 March 1936, p. 1f. ↩︎
  47. [Anonymous], TEMPLE NAMES NEW OFFICERS. Ashland Avenue Congregation Re-Elects Milton Grafman Rabbi; Bloom Is Chosen President. COMMITTEES APPOINTED, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 11 February 1935, pp. 1 and 5, here p. 1. ↩︎
  48. [Anonymous], Council Of Jewish Women Plans Luncheon-Meeting, in: Sunday Herald-Leader, Lexington KY, 7 September 1952, p. 23. ↩︎
  49. [Anonymous], CARNATION DAY SALE NETS $500 TO $600. WAR MOTHERS ARE WELL PLEASED WITH SUCCESS OF SATURDAY’S VENTURE, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 12 May 1929, p. 1. ↩︎
  50. [Anonymous], REPORT $900 IN RED CROSS DRIVE. Campaign With $4,000 As Goal, Will Continue to Thanksgiving Day, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 20 November 1929, p. 1.
    [Anonymous], Women Workers In Roll Call Of Red Cross Are Announced, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 10 November 1940, p. 7. ↩︎
  51. [Anonymous], Chest Drive Division Discusses Ist Plans, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 16 December 1938, p. 16. ↩︎
  52. [Anonymous], Seal Campaign Is Under Way. Mrs. King Swope Heads 1940 Drive, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 27 November 1940, p. 13. ↩︎
  53. [Anonymous], Ball Scheduled At Clark Gym, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 17 January 1940, p. 14. ↩︎
  54. [Anonymous], Mental Hygiene Unit Names Board Members, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 5 May 1948, p. 5. ↩︎
  55. [Anonymous], Health Center Board Meets. Directors Hear Reports, Transact Routine Business, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 22 November 1938, p. 6. ↩︎
  56. [Anonymous], 495GIVEN FOOD AT DISPENSARY. Week’s Total Of Those Served By Auxillary Reaches 3,565, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 12 January 1933, P. 2. ↩︎
  57. [Anonymous], Health Camp For Children Will Start Season June 17, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 3 June 1940, p. 9. ↩︎
  58. [Anonymous], Siegal Award Winner Is Mrs. Mendelsohn, in:Morning Advocate, Baton Rouge LA, 11 May 1957, p. 17. ↩︎
  59. [Anonymous], Hadassah Official To Discuss Zionism, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 30 October 1946, p. 11. ↩︎
  60. [Anonymous], Mrs. Hugo Bloomfield To Attend Conference, in: The Lexington Leader, Lexington KY, 23 August 1943, p. 7. ↩︎
  61. [Anonymous], Kentucky Democratic Woman’s Club To Meet In Richmond. Fourteenth Annual Convention Planned,, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington, Kentucky, 15 October 1940, pp. 8, here p. 9. ↩︎
  62. [Anonymous], Kiwani-Annes Plan Style Show Tuesday, in: The Lexington Herald, Lexington KY, 11 October 1959, p. 40, one of many examples. ↩︎

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